GUM DISEASE

Gum disease (periodontal disease) is an inflammatory disease of the gums and the supporting structures of your teeth. It is the body’s natural reaction to harmful bacteria and the toxins they produce. It is a major cause of tooth loss. Periodontal disease was once known as ‘pyorrhoea.’ Fifty years ago it was not uncommon for people to have all their teeth out because of ‘pyorrhoea of the gums.’ Fortunately we now know a lot more about the disease and how to treat it.

Periodontal disease is caused by plaque. It can be divided into gingivitis and periodontitis. 

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. It is the earliest stage of periodontal disease and is caused when plaque is allowed to accumulate around the necks of your teeth. The bacteria in plaque are treated like a like a foreign body, the same as if you had a splinter in your finger. Your body tries to fight the bacteria and the gum gets red, swollen and bleeds easily. Unfortunately gingivitis is often painless and only identified during a dental examination.

Early gingivitis is usually completely reversible with regular hygienist treatment and improved home care

Untreated gingivitis may progress to periodontitis. The bacteria rich plaque grows down below the gum line causing the breakdown of the tissues that support the tooth. The tooth separates from the gum and a gap or pocket forms providing a sheltered place for more bacteria to grow. As the periodontitis advances, bone and tissue is destroyed and the pocket gets deeper. Because the gums are the foundations for your teeth, in severe cases the teeth may become loose or need to be extracted.

While advanced periodontitis is not reversible, regular dental care can restore gum health and stop disease progression